The cleanest way to see what the market punished is to put Alphabet next to Amazon, which reported a day later.
Alphabet spent $51.4 billion on capex in the quarter against $30.7 billion of Cloud revenue: about $1.67 of spending for every dollar of cloud sales. Amazon spent roughly $77 billion on property and equipment against $46 billion of AWS revenue: also about $1.67. Amazon's figure includes warehouses, so its AI ratio is somewhat lower, but the order is the same. Both reported negative free cash flow. Alphabet fell 12.6% on Thursday. Amazon closed Friday down 1.4%.
So the market didn't punish the spending. It punished the paradox in your title. Queries grew at the fastest pace in five years, while Search revenue growth slowed from 17% to 12%. Currency was the biggest drag, but management also named AI Mode's lower monetization. More queries with slower revenue means each search earns less. Amazon's AI doesn't eat its retail margin. Google's AI competes with its own ad slot.
The number I'd watch is the gap between query growth and Search revenue growth. If AI Mode ads catch up, the gap closes and Thursday looks like an overreaction. If it widens while capex climbs again in 2027, Cloud has to pay for both the build-out and the hole in Search, and $11.1 billion of quarterly Cloud operating income isn't enough for that yet.